BBC中国故事第二集丝绸之路与中国航船 Part4 伟大的行者--玄奘取经

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[00:02.84]In a village outside Luoyang, a boy was born who would become one of the most famous people in Chinese history and his name was Xuanzang.一个男孩诞生在洛阳城外的村庄，他将成为中国历史上最有名的人物之一，他的名字叫玄奘。
[00:20.16]Xuanzang must have known this place very well from childhood and known all the stories, especially about the two strangers who had come from India.玄奘肯定从小对这个地方了如指掌，熟知各种神话传说，特别是两个印度人的故事。
[00:29.17]"I was inflamed by a passionate curiosity," he says, "about the Buddha and about the origins of the faith "and I applied for a foreign travel permit several times to no avail.因此，他“乃誓游西方以问所惑，并取《十七地论》以释众疑，当去之时以再三表奏。”
[00:41.15]"Perhaps because I was a nobody.但诚愿微浅，不蒙允许。
[00:43.75]"And in the end I took matters into my own hands "and I left in secret for India.无任慕道之至，乃辄私行。
[00:56.78]"He was 26 years old and his journey would change the course of Chinese civilisation.那年他26岁，他的旅程将改变中国文明史的进程。
[01:03.82]It is a story that has fascinated me over the years, travelling in his footsteps between China and Central Asia, across Afghanistan into India.他的故事让我着迷多年，我跟随他的脚步由中国到中亚，穿过阿富汗进入印度。
[01:14.24]At that time Xuanzang said, "The Tang were new on the throne, "China's frontiers didn't extend far.那时玄奘说“时国政尚新，疆场未远。”
[01:21.80]"There was a ban on foreign travel.禁约百姓不许出蕃。
[01:22.86]"At first I had to move by night to dodge the border guards.乃昼伏夜行遂至瓜州。
[01:29.46]"The real-life adventures of Xuanzang gave birth to some of China's best-loved legends and characters.玄奘的真实经历孕育了中国最受喜爱的传说和人物。
[01:38.50]EXPLOSION The Tang monk and his crazy companions......唐三藏师徒四人......
[01:45.48]the lustful Piggy, the dim-witted Sandy and above all the faithful Monkey.猪八戒、沙和尚，当然还有忠心耿耿的孙悟空。
[01:56.27]All of them changed by their magical encounters along the Silk Road.他们因取经路上的神奇见闻而蜕变。
[02:01.69]HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE In later novels and films it turned into the kind of fantasy the Chinese have always loved - both comic adventure and spiritual allegory.在后来的文学和影视作品中，它演变成了深受中国人喜爱的奇幻故事--既是冒险喜剧，也有精神寓意。
[02:24.60]On the real journey, Xuanzang tells of oceans of sand and the exotic peoples whose lands he passed through.在真实的游记中，玄奘记录了无垠的沙漠和一路上经历的异域民族。
[02:33.65]"My fellow Buddhists tried to persuade me "not to risk my life further," he said, "but I must reach the West.“僧侣皆劝我，愿自斟量，勿轻身命。然我若不至婆罗门国。”
[02:40.72]"If I don't there's no point in coming back.“终不东归。”
[02:53.16]"Through time the story just grew and grew.随着时间的推移，故事不断演变。
[02:57.19]The travelling shadow puppet players still play it out in the villages.巡游的皮影戏班仍在村落中演出西游的故事。
[03:06.23]And the city's storytellers say that to tell the tale in full would take 110 days.而城里的说书人说：要一次讲完整个故事得花上一百一十天。
[03:48.28]So today it's one of the great myths of Chinese culture.今天，它成为了中国文化中伟大的神话之一。
[03:53.22]A strange and wonderful afterlife for a real Tang monk.对于真实存在的这位唐朝僧人来说，真是奇妙的身后事。
[04:02.81]Xuanzang is one of those rare people who turn up in history.玄奘在历史人物中属于很少见的那一类。
[04:09.13]Visionary, great scholar......目光长远，学识渊博......
[04:14.25]and yet possessed of incredible physical toughness and bravery and stamina.同时拥有惊人的强健体魄，以及勇气和耐力。
[04:24.40]After three years and nearly 5,000 miles, he says, "We crossed the great snowy mountains and came down into India.历经三年近五千英里的跋涉，他写道：“东南入大雪山......至梵衍那国。”
[04:38.18]"He crossed the River Indus and entered the plains of India with their teaming kingdoms and cities.他度过印度河，进入了王国城市林立的印度平原。
[04:52.61]He travelled with Buddhist pilgrims down the Grand Trunk Road to the River Ganges.他与佛教朝圣者同行，沿着主干道下到恒河边。
[05:11.48]And finally he reached Bodh Gaya and the sacred Bodhi Tree where 1,000 years before the Buddha had sat in meditation and gained enlightenment.终于到达菩提迦叶神圣的菩提树下。一千多年前，释迦摩尼在此树下冥想，最终顿悟。
[05:26.48]"And when I saw it," Xuanzang says, "I lay on the ground "and shed many tears.玄奘说：“至诚瞻仰讫，五体投地，悲泪盈目。”
[05:36.46]"THEY CHANT He stayed in India for ten years studying the Buddhist teachings, his noble truths about the human condition.他在印度住了十年，学习佛教学说和佛陀关于人生的智慧。
[05:45.60]Then he set off home to take them back to the Chinese people, to fire their imaginations as his story has ever since.随后他启程归国，将所学带回中国。他带回的经文和他的游历本身，至今仍激发着国人的想象。
[05:58.60]HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE Four-year-old Xiao Yunhao is hoping to be one of the next generation of Monkey storytellers.四岁的肖云豪立志成为新一代的说书人，讲述孙悟空的故事。
[06:48.57]The China he came back to in 643 was the largest and strongest country on earth.公元643年，他回到大唐--彼时全球最强大的帝国。
[06:54.84]Its capital Chang'an, today's Xi'an, was one of the world's great centres of civilisation.国都长安，如今的西安，是当时世界上最大的文明中心之一。
[07:06.27]And as for the Emperor himself, Taizong was at the height of his powers and a stickler for protocol.至于唐太宗，他正处于权力巅峰，为人又顽固刻板。
[07:14.80]The emperor's first words to Xuanzang were, "Welcome back...他对玄奘说的第一句话是：“欢迎回来...”
[07:21.04]but you never asked permission to go.“师去何不相报。”
[07:24.14]"Well," said Xuanzang, "I applied for a permit for foreign travel on several occasions "but it never worked.玄奘说：“当去之时以再三表奏，但诚愿微浅。”
[07:31.83]"Perhaps because I was a nobody.“不蒙允许。”
[07:36.65]"He wasn't a nobody now.他不再微浅。
[07:39.03]Crowds came just to look at him.许多人不远千里只为见他一面。
[07:46.15]He was supposed to be very good looking which stood him in good stead.据史料记载，玄奘相貌英俊，这帮了他很大的忙。
[07:50.20]He was a very good-looking man.他长得很好看。
[07:54.18]I think it is difficult to underestimate how much Xuanzang really aroused people's interest in him.人们对玄奘的兴趣真的无法低估。
[08:01.27]So many people came to welcome him, so many people came to have a squint at him.当时“道俗奔迎，倾都罢市”，很多人只为看他一眼。
[08:04.91]In fact he had to shut his doors and say, "No more visitors, please," so that he could get on with some work.事实上，他不得不闭门谢客，才能勉强继续工作。
[08:19.14]"It was my life's task," Xuanzang said, "to bring the Buddha's teachings "to the people of China for the benefit of generations to come.玄奘说，他的毕生事业就是将佛教经典带回大唐，以利后世。
[08:31.47]"The Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an was built to house the manuscripts he brought back.西安的大雁塔是为安放玄奘手稿所建。
[08:37.48]Most were lost long ago in wars and revolutions but for a few precious fragments.多数手稿已在战火和革命中散失，但也留存了一些珍贵的残卷。
[08:43.41]- So these are in Pali.这些是巴利语。
[08:45.80]- Yeah. 是的。
[08:45.42]- This is the language of South India and Sri Lanka. 印度南部和斯里兰卡的语言。
[09:02.58]657 books in 520 packages on 20 pack horses.657本书，存放在520个箱子里，用20匹马驮回来。
[09:17.14]It must make you feel very proud to be monks here.作为这里的僧人，你们一定很自豪吧。

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BBC中国故事 第二集 丝绸之路与中国航船 Part4 伟大的行者--玄奘取经

BBC中国故事第二集丝绸之路与中国航船 Part4 伟大的行者--玄奘取经