BBC中国故事第二集丝绸之路与中国航船 Part5 伟大的传道者--玄奘译经传道

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[00:01.34]The Emperor now commissioned Xuanzang to translate the Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.皇帝委任玄奘将佛教译为中文。
[00:10.57]In the history of civilisation it's a project comparable to the Arabic translations out of Greek...纵观文明史，与这项翻译工程地位相当的还有将希腊典籍译为阿拉伯文......
[00:19.34]or the Bible from Greek into Latin.或是将希腊文版圣经译为拉丁文。
[00:27.20]With the permission of the Emperor he got quite a team together.有了唐太宗的支持，玄奘建立了一只译经团队。
[00:30.96]He had 12 people in his team of Buddhists who knew about the literature and he had eight people also in the team who were phrase connectors, is what they're called.有十二名征义负责勘定译文，他们熟悉梵本。还有八人，称作缀文。
[00:44.49]People who tried to put things into Chinese of the time.他们整理翻译出的文字，以符合当时的汉语。
[00:49.63]It was all part of Taizong's insatiable appetite for learning.这都源于太宗强烈的求知欲。
[00:54.95]He was one of China's great rulers, a model of the Confucian virtuous man.他是中国历史上最伟大的统治者之一，儒家道德的模范。
[01:02.10]He was a philosopher prince, poet and rationalist, and he thought that ruling was inseparable from the patronage of culture.他是哲学家、诗人、理性主义者，他坚信治国离不开文化的辅助。
[01:10.89]And now Taizong wouldn't leave Xuanzang alone.现在，太宗可不肯放玄奘走了。
[01:16.20]Xuanzang was supposed to be doing all this translation work but he didn't have time.玄奘本该安心翻译经文，可他没有时间。
[01:20.35]He had to spend all his time at court trying to fulfil the emperor's need for conversation.他的时间都花在了朝廷上，接受太宗的询问。
[01:26.21]He was a man who was consumed by curiosity.太宗对西域之行充满了好奇。
[01:31.19]The Emperor himself said the scriptures of Buddhism, "are as unfathomable as the depths of the sea "or the height of the sky.唐太宗曾说：“朕观佛经譬犹瞻天俯海，莫测高深。”
[01:41.59]"In comparison, the teachings of Confucius and Laozi "and The Nine Schools are just a single island in a great ocean".“其儒道九流之典比之，犹汀滢之池方冥渤耳”。
[01:53.62]The Emperor was so impressed by his bearing and intelligence that he asked him to hang up his Buddhist robe and to become his prime minister.太宗为玄奘的经历和才智所折服，于是要求他还俗，担任相位。
[02:02.88]"Help me run the country.“助秉俗务”。
[02:04.64]"And Xuanzang refused him.玄奘谢绝了他。
[02:07.69]He said, "It would be like taking a boat out of the water.他说：“今遣从俗，无异乘流之舟使弃水而就陆”。
[02:12.51]"Not only would it cease to be useful "but in time it would rot away.“不唯无功，亦徒令腐败也。”
[02:36.28]" Xuanzang Died in 664.玄奘死于公元664年。
[02:40.80]His ashes are buried in the little monastery of Xingjiao Si near Xi'an.他的骨灰被葬在西安附件的兴教寺内的小僧院里。
[02:45.62]Spared in the cultural revolution of the 1960s at the command of Prime Minister Zhou Enlai himself, too precious to the collective memory of the Chinese people.由于周恩来总理的赦免而逃过了60年代文革的摧残。对中国人而言，这是一份珍贵的共同记忆。
[03:00.12]Over the centuries Buddhism would profoundly touch the Chinese soul, as it still does.那之后的几个世纪，佛教深深影响着中国人的精神世界，如今依旧。
[03:07.30]And back then, perhaps this Indian religion brought something they felt their culture lacked.或许当时，这支印度宗教带来了一些中国文化中缺失的部分。
[03:14.60]A spiritual path based on personal conscience and compassion.一条建立在良善和慈悲之上的心灵觉悟之路。
[03:20.32]For me it is almost a homage to a fellow traveller.我感到，自己在向一位同行的旅人致敬。
[03:24.31]I travelled most of his route through Xinjiang and the northwest frontier of Pakistan and all the way across India to Patna.我沿着他的足迹，经由新疆到巴基斯坦西北边境，以及印度到巴纳特的全部路程。
[03:31.16]And to think, he did most of that on foot.而这一路，他是徒步走完的。
[03:41.58]Here is Xuanzang, the great traveller.这就是玄奘，伟大的行者。
[03:46.70]I can't believe that he had sandals on the Hindu Kush!我不敢相信他穿着凉鞋翻过了兴都库什山！
[03:52.88]Huge framed backpack here made out of bamboo. 背着竹编的大藤匣。
[03:56.59]Can you see the bamboo strips? 你能看到一条条的竹子吗？
[03:59.25]With all the scrolls of the manuscripts stored there.匣里放着经书卷册。
[04:02.88]Of course, actually, he had all that stuff in cases.当然，事实上，还有很多装在箱子里。
[04:06.96]It is a symbolic picture. 这只是一副示意图。
[04:08.70]And finally the lovely touch here of a lantern to illuminate his journey at night.这里还画了一盏可爱的灯笼，用于夜间照明。
[04:24.59]After he had returned from China, Xuanzang kept in touch with his old Indian friends by letter.回到中国后，玄奘和他的印度朋友保持着书信往来。
[04:30.33]And those letters, though unknown in the West, are among the most moving documents in the history of civilisation.这些信件，虽然不为西方所知，却是文明史上最为动人的文字之一。
[04:38.69]In fact, in my opinion, they tell you what civilisation really is, written by a member of one culture who had lovingly and totally immersed himself in another.事实上，我觉得这些书信展现了文明的真谛，写信的人身处一方文明又深爱并全心融入另一方文明。
[04:53.30]He writes the news.他写下国内的新消息。
[04:55.30]"The great Emperor of the Tang," he says, "is joyfully supporting "Buddhism and ruling with justice and mercy like a compassionate "Chakravartin," the old Sanskrit Indian word for a great ruler.“即日大唐天子圣躬万福，率土安宁，以轮王之慈，敷法王之化”--轮王即转轮圣王，古梵语中指伟大的统治者。
[05:09.92]But it is his letter to the abbot of Bodh Gaya which is the most touching.而他写给菩提伽耶住持的信最为感人。
[05:14.65]Indeed all the more so because they belonged to opposed schools of Buddhism.而且他们属于对立的佛教学观，这使得书信内容更为感人。
[05:21.62]MAN READS LETTER （读信）
[05:28.89]"A great while has elapsed since we were parted," he writes, "which has only increased my admiration for you.他写道：“自一辞违，俄十余载，境域遐远，音徽莫闻。思念之情，每增延结”。
[05:41.31]"I am sending you my very best wishes.“节候渐暖，不审信后何如？”
[05:47.20]"Of the works that we brought back from India I have already "translated 30 and two more will be finished by the end of the year.已翻《瑜伽师地论》等大小三十余部。其《俱舍》、《顺正理》见译未周，今年必了。
[06:01.38]"And there's one more thing.还有一事。
[06:03.36]"On my way back from India I lost a horse-load of manuscripts "fording the River Indus.“又前度信渡河，失经一驮”。
[06:09.54]"I am sending you a list of the books in the hope that "perhaps you can get them translated and sent to me.“今录名如后，有信请为附来”。
[06:19.50]"This is all for now.路远不得多。
[06:23.40]"Best wishes, the monk Xuanzang.莫嫌鲜薄，玄奘和南。

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BBC中国故事 第二集 丝绸之路与中国航船 Part5 伟大的传道者--玄奘译经传道

BBC中国故事第二集丝绸之路与中国航船 Part5 伟大的传道者--玄奘译经传道