BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part3 赵匡胤引领宋朝新的建筑风潮和生活方式

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[00:01.59]In 960, the older brother, Taizu, announced the new dynasty, the Song.公元960年，两兄弟中的大哥，太祖赵匡胤建立了宋朝。
[00:08.49]And he made the capital here a vast new metropolis of wood and brick, thrown up in a feverish construction boom.他定都于此。一座以砖木结构建筑为主的全新大都市，由此掀起一股建筑风潮。
[00:18.17]This is Song building manual, commissioned in the early 12th century.这是一本宋朝的建筑手册，使用时间是12世纪早期。
[00:28.90]If you are of a certain social status and if you can afford it you can build your house according to these.....styles.如果你有一定的社会地位，还付得起钱，你就能依照这些式样自建宅院。
[00:39.59]So this tells you how to build a city, almost, doesn't it? 这本手册简直能教你如何搞城市建设了，不是吗？
[00:43.31]Well, for a city of over a million people you would need lots of buildings.作为一座人口超百万的大城市，大量建筑不可或缺。
[00:49.60]Biggest city in the world, perhaps, at that point? 它算不算是当时世界上最大的城市？
[00:50.44]Yes, definitely, at that time. 没错，在那个时候绝对如此。
[00:53.72]And to go with the new buildings 'was a whole new conception of city life. 看看这些新房代表一种全新的城市生活理念。
[00:59.33]Kaifeng was a much more open city, the lifestyle much more vibrant than the Tang Chang'an.开封城的风格更为开发，生活方式比唐代长安更具活力。
[01:06.90]All sorts of shops, all sorts of restaurants, even fast food, there's mention of fast food. 各式各样的商店、餐馆，书上甚至还提过有快餐店。
[01:15.25]And there was no curfew. 宵禁也不存在。
[01:17.71]That was, er, very important. 这点很重要。
[01:21.99]Before this, residents in the city, these urban dwellers, were supposed to stay in their own wards after the bell.在这之前，城市居民在钟声响过之后按规定要留在自己的居住区内。
[01:29.92]But in Kaifeng they were allowed to just flock to the markets and.....enjoy their time.但在开封，他们会被允许涌到市集上去...享受自己的生活。
[01:35.79]So all the pleasures of city life really start to unfold at this time.所以城市美好生活就是这个时候开始兴起的。
[01:40.39]Yes. 是的。
[01:44.55]So a new capital for a new age.一个新的时代，一个新的首都。
[01:49.79]The largest city anywhere on Earth until the 19th century.19世纪之前，这是地球上最大的城市。
[01:54.34]And just like today's China, the city became a magnet for people flooding in.就像今天的中国，城市吸引人们蜂拥而至。
[02:01.51]In a few years, it went from one square mile to 16.短短几年里，城市从1平方英里扩展到16平方英里。
[02:09.32]Only a few ancient buildings survive today above ground.今天能看到的古代建筑已为数不多了。
[02:15.83]One of them is the famous Iron Pagoda, so called because of the metallic sheen of its tiles.其中之一便是著名的开封铁塔，称为铁塔因为它的琉璃砖有金属光泽。
[02:25.17]We're out in the northeast corner of the old city here.我们在老城的东北角这里。
[02:30.32]The Iron Pagoda is on a bit of raised ground in this corner.铁塔就坐落在这个角落的高地一角。
[02:34.39]The Emperor had built this artificial mountain called the Hill of Longevity.皇帝建造这个人造山，称之为长寿山。
[02:38.12]Wonderful, these Chinese names, aren't they? 这些中国名字很好听，不是吗？
[02:43.12]Compared with Rome or Constantinople, very little survives from Kaifeng's golden age.相比罗马或君士坦丁堡，开封黄金时代留下的建筑很少。
[02:49.80]And you can see why when you look below the ground. 你看地下就能明白原因。
[02:55.69]Down here is evidence of 20 devastating floods of the Yellow River since the Song Dynasty.这下面就是宋朝以来发生的20次黄河大泛滥的证据。
[03:03.95]This pit is a metaphor for the story of the city.这个坑就如同这个城市的故事。
[03:09.57]I've called Kaifeng the city of memory, China's capital of memory.我把开封称为“记忆中的城市”，记忆中的中国首都。
[03:14.95]And in this pit underneath the West Gate you can see why!看到西大门下的这个坑，便能知道原因。
[03:19.39]That is the Qing Dynasty city wall, the 18th- and 19th-century Qing Dynasty city wall.那里是清朝城墙--18和19世纪的清朝城墙。
[03:27.22]And this smaller brickwork here, the Ming Dynasty wall, Tudor period - part of it carries on down.这较小的砖建筑，明朝的墙--相当于都铎时期，他的一部分已经下沉。
[03:34.75]And the Song Dynasty city wall..... maybe 20 feet below the floor level here.宋朝的墙...或许在这里地面的六米之下。
[03:41.57]It's an amazing thought, isn't it? 想想就很奇妙，对吧？
[03:43.23]And the reason why? 这是为什么呢？
[03:46.29]That huge deposit of Yellow River mud, which is only a few miles from the city.巨大的黄河的泥沙沉淀在仅离城市几英里的地方。
[03:52.04]These floods have been incredibly destructive all the way through Chinese history, sweeping through the whole city, destroying almost everything, even in recent times -这些洪水在中国整个历史上破坏力一直很大，淹没了这个城市，破坏了几乎所有的东西，甚至在近代也是如此 
[04:01.29]1842, for example.--例如1842年也泛滥过。
[04:03.55]No wonder, then, that city has been memorialised, if you like, not in stone, not in great buildings, but in words and in paintings. 怪不得城市如同纪念馆一般，不是用石头，也不是用巨大的建筑，而是用文字和图画。
[04:24.24]"A million people thronged these streets," said a Song poet.“上百万人涌入这些街道，”一位宋朝诗人写道。
[04:28.86]"There were restaurants as far as the eye could see".“目之所及皆是餐馆”。
[04:32.24]"Everywhere there was music in the air".“处处莺歌燕舞”。

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BBC中国故事 第三集 盛世中华 Part3 赵匡胤引领宋朝新的建筑风潮和生活方式

BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part3 赵匡胤引领宋朝新的建筑风潮和生活方式