BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part5 宋朝食谱、餐饮文化及用餐礼仪

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[00:01.92]There are many legacies of the Song in today's China.今天的中国有许多宋朝的遗产。
[00:06.80]And one that's become celebrated across the world is Chinese cuisine.在世界上大受欢迎的是中国菜。
[00:14.88]The Song thought that people should be well-fed and eating became the great social ritual it is today.宋朝认为人们应该吃好，于是吃饭成为和今天一样重大的社交仪式。
[00:22.90]Chinese cooking, of course, is one of the great cuisines of the world and the oldest cuisine in the world.当然，中国菜成为世界上最伟大和最古老的菜肴之一。
[00:29.37]But the beginnings lie in poor people's food.但这一切开始于穷人的食物。
[00:34.43]Here they fed both the posh and the working man.他们既要招待富人，也要招待劳动人民。
[00:38.60]People have had to get used to making the best out of whatever food source they could lay their hands on and to make it palatable.人们必须习惯把凡是能找到的食料做出最好、最可口的菜肴。
[00:48.67]But by the time of the Song Dynasty, it's, well, the first great restaurant culture of the world.但是到了宋朝，当时首次出现了世界上伟大的餐馆文化。
[00:55.50]The Chinese people by then are the best-fed people in the world, probably the best-fed that had ever been in history.那时的中国人是世界上吃的最好的，或者甚至可算是有史以来吃的最好的。
[01:04.71]And there's wonderful accounts of the restaurant culture of the time - 70 great restaurants here in Kaifeng, 对于当时的餐饮文化有着相当精彩的描述--开封就有70座大酒楼
[01:12.40]the waiters rushing from table to table, taking the orders, and rushing back from the hatch, with three dishes of food down one arm and 20 bowls down the other.店员们忙着招呼一桌桌的客人，给他们下单、递送饭菜。一条胳膊上放着三碟菜，另一条胳膊还架着二十只碗。
[01:23.92]And never making a mistake, says one contemporary.据当时的人说，从不会弄错。
[01:27.79]And that restaurant culture brings you etiquette, how to behave at table, 那种餐饮文化教给你礼仪，吃饭时如何才是得当的做法
[01:33.13]how to be considerate to your fellow diners, not to rush, not to chew loudly, to be careful when you're all eating from the same bowl.如何体谅其他的客人、不要急迫、不要大声咀嚼。如果大家同吃一碗食物则要谨慎得宜。
[01:43.30]And that in turn, of course, brings you a kind of foodie culture. 自然而然，那也相应地教会给你一种饮食文化。
[01:47.69]They've got cookbooks back in the Song Dynasty.宋朝时已有菜谱。
[01:50.65]One of them has been reprinted ever since, the last time in 2004.其中一本曾不断重印，最近一次重印在2004年。
[02:00.16]Pure recipes from the Mountain House Cookbook.来自《山家清供》的食谱。
[02:04.26]Oranges stuffed with crab meat. 有填塞着蟹肉的橙子。
[02:08.78]Bean curd steamed with hibiscus flowers. 和芙蓉花一起蒸的豆腐。
[02:13.47]And each one of these recipes has got delightful notes by the author telling you where he first picked it up.食谱中的每一道菜都有作者，那些令人赏心悦目的注解则告诉你他是如何学到的。
[02:20.51]Take this one, plum-blossom noodle-cake soup.比如这道“梅花汤饼”。
[02:27.90]"I picked up this recipe from an old scholar in the Zimou Mountains on a beautiful snowy night, and whenever I taste it the exquisite moment comes flooding back to me".我从一位老先生那里得到这个菜谱，那是在紫帽山中一个美丽的雪夜。当我品尝这道菜肴时，美妙的感觉瞬间涌向了我。
[02:50.99]Let's just move some space.我们腾出些地方。
[02:53.10]In a restaurant in old Kaifeng, we asked the chef to make one of these 11th-century recipes - adapted for the vegetarian.在开封旧城的一个餐馆里，我们请大厨来做了一道11世纪的菜肴，并为素食者进行了改良。
[03:00.50]HE SPEAKS CHINESE LANGUAGE There's a type of mushroom, pear, and lotus seed.里面有某种蘑菇（银耳）、梨子和莲子。
[03:15.63]Lotus seeds? 莲子？
[03:16.22]Seeds, yeah. 对的。
[03:17.67]So you mix mushrooms and fruit? 你将蘑菇和水果混合起来？
[03:20.55]That's very interesting. 真是有趣。
[03:22.39]Cos they have this function of, like, er.....deflammation. 它们具有清火的功效。
[03:27.86]Oh, wow. 哇喔。
[03:33.35]It's delicious. 美味啊。
[03:36.90]SHE TRANSLATES He says it's his pleasure. 他说这是他的荣幸。
[03:39.91]Thank you. 谢谢。
[03:41.17]Great. 太棒啦。
[03:41.92]I'm going to finish this off, if that's all right. 如果可以，我想把这些吃完。
[03:44.10]Is that all right? 可以的吧？

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BBC中国故事 第三集 盛世中华 Part5 宋朝食谱、餐饮文化及用餐礼仪

BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part5 宋朝食谱、餐饮文化及用餐礼仪