BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part9 宋朝的科举制度和儒家思想

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[00:01.27]China was opening up socially, and that went for government too.中国社会那时正走向开放，而政府也是如此。
[00:09.58]There was definitely a lot of social mobility going on during the Song.毫无疑问，宋朝的社会流动性是显著的。
[00:14.50]The social classes were in flux in some sense.社会阶层在某种意义上出现了变化。
[00:19.45]People from all sorts of backgrounds could engage more closely, who were more sensitive towards the social situation.来自各种背景并且对社会形势更为敏感的人们现如今更加紧密地交织在一起。
[00:26.94]They became involved in government too. 他们也有进入仕途从政的。
[00:33.44]New schools for learning opened up and.....academies were established as well, that sought to teach the classics and also to.....foster good character.新的学校和书院都建立起来了，既教授经典又培养美德。
[00:47.62]It was the great age of Confucian social values and how they set about creating that ethos is startlingly modern.这是儒家社会价值观大行其道的时代，而其伦理体系的创建方式则惊人地现代化。
[00:57.42]As you can see, it's freshers' week here in Henan University in Kaifeng.你可以看到，这是开封河南大学的新生周。
[01:01.83]The story of universities goes back a long way in China, much further back than in the West.大学的故事可以追溯到很久以前的中国，比西方还有早很多年。
[01:07.85]And, amazingly, here in Kaifeng in the 11th century there was a national university.惊人的是，11世纪的开封就有一所国立大学。
[01:17.49]In 1069, the Emperor expanded the student body from 1,000 to more than 3,000.1069年，皇帝把学生的数量从1000名扩招到3000多名。
[01:23.62]They had financial support and board and lodging. 他们享受着财政补贴和食宿全免。
[01:26.66]And the big idea was to draw in students from the provinces, talented youngsters, 其中的大计是要吸引各省内的学生，让有天赋的年轻人，
[01:31.81]perhaps even from middling or lower families, to come into the metropolis for the best education. 哪怕是中下阶层的子弟都能来这里接受最好的教育。
[01:39.49]And the goal, as the Emperor put it himself, for the morality of the culture.其中的目的，正如皇帝本人所说的“乃为文德”。
[01:45.64]As educationalists say today, the ethos is the thing.正如今天的教育家所说的，风气很重要。
[01:55.43]For the examinations, the students studied literature, history and Confucian classics.为了考试，学生们要学习文学、历史以及儒家经典。
[02:01.10]The Emperor and his advisers were looking for tomorrow's administrators to govern a harmonious Confucian society.皇帝和他的顾问们正在寻找未来的栋梁来治理一个和谐的儒家社会。
[02:10.17]There was a new class of literati who previously, perhaps, didn't have the chance to sit through the examination system but now they had. 有一类新的文人阶层，他们以前是没有机会通过考试系统的，但是现在他们有了机会。
[02:25.40]Confucian teachings were really at the core of these civil examinations.儒家教导的乃是这些科举考试的重点。
[02:31.23]And because they had such an important role to play in those examinations and that so many people took examinations, 由于儒家经典在这些考试中的重要地位，而参加考试的人数众多，
[02:38.90]it meant that it was a way for Confucian ideas to really permeate into society.这意味着儒家理念借此真正渗透到了社会里。

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BBC中国故事 第三集 盛世中华 Part9 宋朝的科举制度和儒家思想

BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part9 宋朝的科举制度和儒家思想