BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part10 宋朝女性也写词，如李清照

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[00:00.94]You could say that it was a meritocratic society where excellence in learning was really prized.你可以说这是一个精英社会，学习优异者备受重视。
[00:11.40]Meritocratic, but not universal.精英化，而不够大众化。
[00:14.59]Half of the population were excluded from this educational revolution.一半的人口被排除在这场教育革命之外。
[00:19.68]Women. 女性。 
[00:21.82]But ironically, it's through the writings of a woman that we get one of the best insights into the world of the Song. 但讽刺的是，我们正是通过一位女性的著作才得以深入探索宋朝世界。
[00:29.52]These students are studying her work in today's university in Kaifeng. 这些学生在今天开封的大学里正学习她的作品。
[00:34.70]She's the poet Li Qingzhao. 她是词人李清照。
[01:34.00]Li Qingzhao. 李清照。
[01:36.14]She's one of China's greatest poets. 她是一位伟大的中国词人。
[01:39.18]Her father had encouraged her to write poetry from an early age and attend male poetic gatherings.很小的时候，她的父亲就鼓励她写诗词，并参加男性的诗会。
[01:46.17]And she was already famous and in print when she was 17, when she married a student from the university here in Kaifeng.她17岁便已扬名，还出版了诗词集，那时她嫁给了开封大学里的一位学生。
[01:53.52]And they spent a lot of time here in the great old Buddhist temple in the middle of town, wandering its courtyards, making rice-paper rubbings of its inscriptions.他们在城中的大相国寺度过了很长的时间，在院子里散步、一起拓印碑文。
[02:06.92]But recent feminist criticism here in China is giving us another view of her altogether.但最近中国的女性主义评论让我们可以用另一种观点来看待她。
[02:13.20]The strains within her marriage in a society dominated by men, the ambitions of a brilliant woman 男权社会所带给她婚姻中的压力使这位卓越的女性
[02:20.80]to find a voice that was not only interior and personal, but public and political. 立志要发出内在和自身的声音，并且还要在公共和政治上发声。
[02:29.20]She was criticised by some at the time for saying things, for writing poetry.当时有人批评她写词议事。
[02:34.11]Women were not supposed to write poetry. 女人们不应该写诗词。
[02:35.78]This was a man thing. 那是男人们的事情。
[02:37.99]And poetry was one of the major ways of social interaction amongst men. 诗歌是男人们一个主要的社交方式。
[02:44.27]You would go and drink a cup of wine and you would compose poetry with each other. 你可以去饮酒然后互相写写诗词。
[02:49.20]You would say two lines of a poem and I would give you the next two lines.你可以说两句诗，然后我再对出下两句。
[02:53.32]You would create new poetry in that way.你也可以用这种方式创作新的诗歌。
[02:56.45]Women could do this, but increasingly there were courtesans who did this.女性也能这样做，但有越来越多的青楼女子也能做到这些。
[03:00.97]Respectable women didn't participate with men doing it.有地位的女性是不会和男人参加这些活动的。
[03:04.96]They still wrote, but we don't have very much surviving.她们虽然也写诗词，但留存至今的可谓寥寥无几。
[03:08.62]A lot of women wrote poetry, didn't they? 许多女性也写诗词，是吧？
[03:09.88]A lot of women did write poetry, yes. 许多女性也写诗词，是的。
[03:11.88]Being published is a different matter, perhaps. 但是能集结出版就不一样了，或许。
[03:13.72]That's right, yes. 没错，是的。
[03:15.40]Paradoxical period for women, isn't it, the Song? 宋朝的女性挺矛盾的，是吧？
[03:17.56]You know, so many social advances, women's voice appearing strongly, perhaps, for the first time. 你看社会在进步，女性的声音变得越来越强，也许是第一次。
[03:24.31]And yet, foot binding starting to become widespread. 然而缠足也开始变得普遍起来。
[03:28.86]It's very mixed, because women become crucial to this political notion of loyalty, they have their equal part to play in that.这很复杂，因为女性成为忠贞的代表，这种政治理念要她们扮演好自己的角色。
[03:37.25]But at the same time they are also being..... Their rights that they have previously had, their economic rights, are being taken away from them.但同时她们也...她们之前享有的经济权利则正被夺取。
[03:46.52]So women could be highly educated, but to play their part in male-led Confucian society, 女性可以接受高等教育，但也得在男权的儒家社会中扮演好自己的角色，
[03:53.40]women were to cultivate loyalty to father, husband and state to ensure national cohesion.女性被教导要忠贞于父亲、丈夫和国家，从而保证民族的凝聚力。
[04:00.45]So wrote the leading conservative, the historian Sima Guang.这是保守派领袖兼史学家司马光所写的。

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BBC中国故事 第三集 盛世中华 Part10 宋朝女性也写词，如李清照

BBC中国故事第三集盛世中华 Part10 宋朝女性也写词，如李清照