BBC中国故事第四集明朝 Part16 农民起义，明朝危机

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[00:02.90]In the 1630s the crisis came.17世纪30年代，危机降临。
[00:05.55]Beyond the lantern-lit pavilions, gangs of unemployed roamed the countryside, the silk workers went on strike, peasant rebellions raised their flags.在灯笼高挂的亭台楼阁之外，无数无业游民浪迹于乡间，织工罢工，农民揭竿而起。
[00:15.73]And then even nature seemed to turn against them.就连老天爷似乎也在作对。
[00:29.73]The Yellow River broke its banks, overwhelming the dykes so carefully restored by Ming engineers a century before.黄河决堤，冲毁了明朝工匠们百年前精心修复的堤坝。
[00:38.10]Whole cities and towns were wiped out.城市夷为平地。
[00:40.78]Epidemics and famines killed millions.瘟疫和饥荒夺取了近百万人的生命。
[00:45.87]The old cycles of Chinese history had returned to haunt them.中国历史的循环宿命再次降临。
[00:50.77]And for the first time, China's rulers had discovered the limits of autocracy.这是第一次中国的统治者遭遇到专制统治的局限。
[00:57.80]Along the coasts, the government could no longer give protection to communities against bandits, outlaws and pirates.在沿海地区，政府也无法保护人民免受土匪、不法分子和海盗的侵扰。
[01:08.64]More and more, the people were left to their own devices.越来越多的百姓只得自谋出路。
[01:15.57]Here, in one village in Fujian, a public-spirited local, a retired civil servant, came back home to help out. 这是福建的一个小村庄，一位富有公益心的乡绅，一位归隐的朝廷官员回乡伸出援手。
[01:24.52]Hello.你好。
[01:27.15]Here he set up charities.他在此设立了救助机构。
[01:29.16]And in 1604 paid for walls to protect the village when the local government had run out of cash.1604年，他出资修建了城墙以保护村庄，当时当地政府已无力出资。
[01:35.58]His family, the Zhaos, are still here. 他的赵氏家族至今仍在。
[01:40.14]It's like a mini-fortress, isn't it? 看上去像座小型城堡。
[01:45.46]In the centre of the village he built a great fortified tower house.村庄中央建有一座高大的加固塔楼。
[01:50.21]A refuge for the whole village in time of crisis. 危急时刻可以容纳所有的村民。
[01:53.76]That's absolutely wonderful, isn't it?相当了不起，不是吗？
[01:56.69]Because the soldiers have to watch the outside, and there's only windows for the outside on the top floor.因为士兵们必须向外t望，所以仅在塔楼顶层才有朝外的窗户。
[02:04.64]You can see the landscape all around from the top floor.在顶楼，四周的风景一览无余。
[02:12.48]HE LAUGHS - Hi. 你好。
[02:14.68]Thank you. 谢谢。
[02:14.88]- Please sit down. 请坐。
[02:16.14]So, Mr Zhao? 赵先生
[02:17.65]Very nice to meet you. 幸会幸会。
[02:19.79]Hi. 你好。 
[02:22.15]And as in so many places in China, the Zhao family still know their ancestors story. 和中国的许多地方一样，赵氏家族将祖先的故事铭记至今。
[03:07.31]At that time there were many pirates, pirates on the sea.当时海盗人数很多
[03:12.18]And pirates attacked at them.侵扰民众。
[03:14.71]So Zhao Wen came back to build this, Zhao's family's castle.于是赵文回乡建起这个赵氏家族的碉楼。
[03:29.28]The harsh justice of the first Ming Emperor, a guarantee of order was another world now.明朝开国皇帝以严刑峻法维护秩序，可这一切已时过境迁。
[03:39.62]As Mr Zhao's son observed in 1619, "The days of peace seem a long time ago."公元1619年，赵先生之子写道：“和平时期似乎已经遥不可及。”

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BBC中国故事 第四集 明朝 Part16 农民起义，明朝危机

BBC中国故事第四集明朝 Part16 农民起义，明朝危机