BBC中国故事第五集明朝 Part2 康熙统治下清朝，国土增加一倍

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[00:04.36]The Manchu conquest took 30 years.满人征服用了三十年的时间。
[00:08.75]It climaxed in the 1670s, in a savage struggle in the south, when three great provinces rose against the Manchus and their teenage emperor, Kangxi.17世纪70年代，在南方的一场残酷战争中达到高潮，当时三个大省起兵反抗满族和他们的少年皇帝康熙。
[00:23.23]The war lasted eight years and, by the end, the Qing government had half a million troops fighting in these wild mountains of the southwest.战争持续了八年，最后清政府的五十万军队在西南这些荒山中征战。
[00:36.30]At that moment, China could have fallen apart, but it didn't.那时，中国可能会分崩离析，但是没有。
[00:41.29]The war was the making of Kangxi and, when it ended in 1681, he was 27 and he would become the longest ruling, 战争成就了康熙，到1681年战争结束之时，他27岁，他将成为在位时间最久的皇帝。
[00:50.84]and some would say, the greatest of all the Chinese emperors.有人还会评价他是所有中国帝王中最伟大的一位。
[01:03.43]For all its glories, the Ming had ended as a decadent, broken empire.尽管有过辉煌，明王朝灭亡之时已经颓废不堪。
[01:12.93]Now, the foreign Manchus set out to make sure that the mistakes they had made were not repeated.现在外来的满人在努力不让自己重蹈明朝的覆辙。
[01:20.63]That the new rulers of China should be men with a sober sense of public duty and Kangxi, the upright one, was such a man.新的统治者应该清楚自己身上的公众职责，而康熙这位正直的君主正是如此。
[01:42.59]Kangxi was the first of three great Qing emperors - father, son and grandson, who ruled for 133 years.康熙是三位清朝伟大帝王中的第一位--其祖孙三代统治了133年。
[01:51.14]They built China's largest empire and created the essential shape of China today.他们建造了中国最大的帝国，创造了今天中国国土的基本形状。
[01:59.22]You get an idea of the immense size of the Qing empire when you fly out from Beijing to Xinjiang in the far west.你从北京飞往西部边陲的新疆，就知道清朝的疆域到底有多广大了。
[02:07.80]It takes seven hours.旅途要花七个小时。
[02:11.18]By road, it's 2,700 miles from the capital to Kashgar.从首都到喀什，全程近4500千米。
[02:24.28]Under the Qing, China entered a new phase of its history, 在清朝统治之下，中国进入其历史的一个新阶段，
[02:28.20]for they define China not as an exclusively Han civilisation, but as a great, multiethnic empire.因为他们不仅把中国定义为独有的汉文明，而且还是一个伟大的多民族帝国。
[02:37.16]So, for the first time since the Tang dynasty, China ruled over the Central Asian peoples of Xinjiang.因此，自唐朝以来，中国首次统治了新疆的中亚各民族。
[02:52.34]Among them were the Uyghurs.其中便有维吾尔族。
[02:55.26]Hello! 你好！
[02:56.63]- This is my wife..... 这是我妻子......
[02:57.63]- Very nice to meet you. 非常高兴见到你。
[02:59.08]- and this is my mother-in-law. 这是我岳母。
[03:00.75]- Very nice to meet you. 非常高兴见到你。
[03:02.40]- Thank you. 谢谢。
[03:02.76]- So, this is my family. 这是我家。
[03:08.67]- Oh, thank you so much. 非常感谢。
[03:12.75]- Thank you. 谢谢。
[03:13.50]Before the Qing dynasty, this area was controlled by the Yongle Mongols.在清朝之前，这里由准格尔蒙古人控制。
[03:19.50]You know, the descendants of Genghis Khan.就是成吉思汗的后代。
[03:21.52]The leader of the Yongle Mongols, he invaded the western territory of the Qing dynasty.准格尔蒙古的首领入侵了清朝的西部地区。
[03:27.58]So, the emperor of the Qing dynasty, the Kangxi, he led a big army by himself and waged two big wars with the Yongle Mongols, 因此，清朝皇帝康熙亲自率领军队，与准格尔蒙古人进行两场大战，
[03:37.81]and, finally, defeated them and kicked them out of this region and took this region.最后击败赶走了他们，并占领了这个地区。
[03:45.85]Under the Qing Kangxi emperor, - it almost doubles the size of China, doesn't it?在清朝康熙皇帝的统治下，中国的土地面积几乎增加了一倍，是吗？
[03:51.34]- Yes, yes, yes. 是，是，是。
[03:51.72]- It was a huge area. 面积非常大。
[03:52.50]- Yes, yes. 是的，是的。
[03:53.73]So, what happens here in Turfan, then? 那当时吐鲁番是什么情况？
[03:56.15]The government built new towns just next to the original town, so, in many cities in Xinjiang, even now, we have old town and new town.政府在原来城市附近建立了新的城市，因此现在在新疆的许多城市里依然有老城和新城。
[04:07.45]The old town was also called Uyghur town or Hui town.老城也叫作维吾尔城或者回族城。
[04:11.53]Hui, like Muslim..... Yes.回，表示穆斯林......对。
[04:13.52]And new town was named "Man town" or "Han town", like "Hancheng" or "Mancheng", like Chinese name.新城叫做“满城”或者“汉城”，中文里的“满城”或者“汉城”。
[04:21.52]Many different races meet in this point in China, don't they?许多不同的民族聚集在这里是吗？
[04:23.38]- Yes, yes. 是的，是的。
[04:24.16]- Many different histories, I suppose. 我认为有很多不同的历史。
[04:25.82]- Yes. 对。
[04:33.23]So, the Silk Road became, again, an axis of world history, linking the great Asian land empires of Iran and Russia, Mogul India and Qing China.因此丝绸之路再次成为世界史上的一个轴心，将清朝与亚洲大陆上的伊朗、俄国和莫卧儿印度连成一片。
[04:50.05]And today, with China's new Silk Road, Central Asia is once more becoming a crossroads of commerce and peoples.而今天，多亏了中国的新丝绸之路，中亚再一次成为商业和人员往来的枢纽。
[05:01.30]If you see the different hats, you can buy the pattern or colour, the flowers on the hat, you can tell where they are from - Turfan or Hotan or Kashgar or Ili.如果看到不同的帽子，依据其款式、颜色和帽子上的花纹，就能知道他们来自哪里--吐鲁番、和田、喀什或者伊犁。
[05:11.65]So, each different place, they have a different pattern for the hat.因此每个地方的帽子都有不同的款式和颜色。
[05:15.05]All the Silk Road places - Hotan, Turfan - have different hats.丝绸之路上的不同地方，像和田、吐鲁番都有不同的帽子。
[05:17.32]Yeah.是的。

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BBC中国故事 第五集 明朝 Part2 康熙统治下清朝，国土增加一倍

BBC中国故事第五集明朝 Part2 康熙统治下清朝，国土增加一倍