BBC中国故事第五集明朝 Part9 清朝的文学文化及流行小说

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[00:01.76]But such a flourishing culture did not mean freedom.但这种繁荣的文化并不意味着自由。
[00:08.50]The Qing state was an autocracy - criticism of the system was dangerous.清朝是专制统治--对制度的批判是很危险的。
[00:14.58]As in England, dramatists were censored.如同在英国，剧作家要被审查。
[00:17.43]Books could be banned and burned.书籍可能被禁止或被烧掉。
[00:20.25]So, as so often in Chinese history, writers and artists learned to speak in code.所以，正如中国历史中常见的那样，作家和艺术家学会了以特定的密码发文。
[00:30.94]"Some people only see the surface of things", wrote a Qing philosopher.“一些人只能看到事物的表象，”一位清朝的哲学家这样写道。
[00:35.80]They focus on appearances and miss the essence.他们聚焦于表象而丢失了本质。
[00:44.35]But in the human world, and in nature, "there are things that cannot be transmitted through words".但是在人类和自然世界里，“有些东西是不能通过文字传达的。”
[00:53.29]Over a century before the European expressionists, one group of Yangzhou painters broke with tradition to try to get beyond the world of appearances.在欧洲表现主义之前的一个多世纪里，扬州的一批回家打破传统，试图去超越世界的表象。
[01:04.63]What's so special about the Yangzhou painters, does your father think?这些扬州画家有什么不同之处，你父亲怎么看？
[01:27.52]So far away from the conservative culture of the capital, Chinese artists and thinkers were beginning to explore different pathways to modernity.远离首都的保守派文化，中国艺术家和思想家开始探索现代化的不同途径。
[01:40.39]Always aware of the watchful eye of the state, they were developing new modes of expression..... 因为总要留心国家警惕的双眼，他们发展出一种全新的表达方式......
[01:49.08]challenging the old meanings of history and ethics, and looking for new ways to represent the inner life, 挑战了历史和伦理的旧有含义，寻找一种新方式来表现内在生活，
[01:58.18]what one Qing writer called, "The domain of the demonic and mysterious".一位清朝的作家称之为“神魔奇幻的领域”。
[02:07.28]But the 18th century also saw a huge explosion of popular culture, which reached down even to the illiterate.但是十八世纪也见证了巨大的流行文化的爆发，这场文化运动甚至影响到了不识字的人们。
[02:15.37]Hello. 你好。
[02:16.50]Ni hao. 你好。
[02:17.20]Thank you. 谢谢。
[02:43.60]There used to be three teachings, it was said - Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism.据说过去有三种学说--儒家学说、佛家学说和道家学说。
[02:48.55]But now there's a fourth - Popular Fiction - and everybody loves it.但现在有了第四种--流行小说--每个人都喜欢。
[02:53.99]This is The Water Margin. 这是水浒传。
[02:58.02]It's really the Chinese equivalent of Robin Hood - the bunch of good outlaws who live out on Mount Liang - the Chinese equivalent of Sherwood forest.它相当于中国的罗宾汉--讲述了落草梁山的一群绿林好汉--梁山等同于中国的舍伍德森林。
[03:08.64]There's even a Buddhist monk, a kind of Chinese Friar Tuck.甚至还有一位和尚，好比中国的塔克修士。
[03:11.88]Drinks just as much, but a little more violent!非常能喝酒，但是有点暴力！
[03:14.41]HE SHOUTS But under the Qing, the Water Margin and other tales were periodically banned as subversive.但在清朝的统治之下，水浒传和其他故事被作为颠覆隐患被禁止了。
[03:30.72]The outlaws' exploits, it was thought, might encourage seditious anti-Manchu sympathies.这群绿林好汉的功绩被认为可能煽动对反清情绪的同情。

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BBC中国故事 第五集 明朝 Part9 清朝的文学文化及流行小说

BBC中国故事第五集明朝 Part9 清朝的文学文化及流行小说