BBC中国故事第五集明朝 Part11 雍正登基清洗曹寅，曹雪芹据此创作《红楼梦》

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[00:01.99]The new emperor was Kangxi's 43-year-old son, Yongzheng.新皇帝是康熙43岁的儿子，雍正。
[00:06.28]"Don't think I'm a novice", he said.“别以为我少不经事，”他说。
[00:08.77]"I've spent my life in the real world."“我这一生体验了真正的世态炎凉。”
[00:15.10]Straightforward but formidable, Yongzheng began a war against corruption and incompetence.雍正开始向腐败和渎职宣战。
[00:21.75]There were purges and show trials, 出现了清洗和象征性的审判，
[00:25.49]and among those caught in the net were the family of the late bondsman Cao Yin, 而在落入法网的人当中就有从前家中的包衣：曹寅家族，
[00:30.77]their intimacy with Kangxi now forgotten.他们和康熙的亲密关系如今已被遗忘。
[00:37.42]Just imagine it, the Emperor's troops crashing into the house, 想想看，皇帝的军队闯入房中，
[00:40.53]the servants taken away for questioning, the inventory made of your possessions, 仆人们被带走审问，财产被列单清查，
[00:45.46]and then the show trial and the inevitable verdict.然后是象征性的审问和早已注定的宣判。
[00:50.36]And all that was watched, wide-eyed, one imagines, by Cao Yin's 13-year-old grandson,曹寅十三岁的孙子吃惊地目睹了这一幕幕的情境， 
[00:55.80]who at that moment remembered Grandad's favourite old saying - "When the tree falls, the monkeys will be scattered".他还记得爷爷最喜欢讲的老话--“树倒猢狲散。”
[01:20.10]The Cao family moved to these alleys in Beijing and, here, Cao Yin's young grandson, Cao Xueqin, grew up.曹家搬进了北京的这些胡同当中，而曹寅的小孙子曹雪芹就在这里长大成人。
[01:27.55]A watchful, clever child, wary of all power, having seen the family crushed by the state, and he grew up in the life of the imagination.一个警惕又聪慧的孩子，亲眼目睹了家族被国家击垮，所以对强权充满警惕。而他在想象的世界中长大。
[01:41.48]He wanted to be a writer, but in Emperor Qianlong's day that was fraught with jeopardy.他想成为一位作家，但在乾隆时期可是危机重重。
[01:46.75]There were book burnings, over 50 writers were executed for criticising the government.书籍被毁，超过五十位作家因为抨击朝廷而被处死。
[01:53.40]So these lanes around the lake were his haunts.于是这些湖边的道路成为他经常光顾的地方。
[01:57.40]He didn't have a good degree, so he never got a good job.他没有好的功名，也没有好的工作。
[02:00.86]He worked for a while in a wine bar, slept in the stable.他曾在一间酒庄供职，谁在马厩里。
[02:07.10]He got jobs as a tutor for the children of rich families in the great mansions the other side of the lake.他也曾在湖对岸一家富人的豪宅里做私塾先生教孩子们读书。
[02:16.23]Final warning, he got sacked for having an affair with the maid.后来因为与家中的女仆传出绯闻而被解雇。
[02:20.58]Never got employed again.此后再没有找到工作。
[02:22.86]Ended up down and out in north Beijing.最终沦落在北京城偏远的北方。
[02:40.10]But that bohemian life in these streets gave the young man his own perspective on the tensions underneath Chinese society.不过这些街巷中的浪荡生活却使这位年轻人能以自己的视角去观察中国社会的紧张和矛盾。
[02:52.00]In the teeming alleys of the capital, there were many kinds of stories.在京城熙熙攘攘的胡同里，有着各种各样的故事。
[03:14.52]For a while, he rented a cottage in the hills outside Beijing, at a peppercorn rent, through a family friend.有段时间，他在北京郊外的小山上租了间小屋。因为是通过家族的一位朋友，所以租金极低。
[03:25.28]And there, an idea began to take shape.在那里，一个想法开始浮上心头。
[03:33.48]"The reminders of my poverty were all around me", he said.他说：“贫穷如影随形的跟随我。”
[03:37.59]"The old stove, the hard bed, the thatched roof, the latticed window."破旧的炉子、硬邦邦的床铺、茅草屋顶、格子窗。
[03:43.51]"But such things are not necessarily obstacles "to the creative imagination."但这些东西不会成为产生创作灵感的必然障碍。
[03:51.87]"In fact, the view from my front door - the landscape, the trees and the autumn leaves, the wind - were positive encouragements to write."实际上，我门前所见的景色、风光、树木还有秋叶、风--都鼓励着我进行写作。
[04:05.47]"What was to stop me turning the whole thing into a story?"有什么能阻止我将这一切变成故事呢？
[04:17.81]" And what a story."多美的故事啊。
[04:19.86]It's nothing less than the great Chinese novel.它简直是中国最伟大的小说。
[04:23.95]A window into the Chinese imagination.是通往中国式想象的一扇窗户。
[04:27.19]Surreal, poignant, romantic.超现实、悲怆、浪漫。
[04:36.89]This book is written about 250 years ago, right?这本书大约写成于250年前，是吗？
[04:41.61]But as a person from modern times, I still can really relate with it because the love and freedom - the eternal topic.但作为一位当代人，我真的仍旧能够与之息息相关。一位爱与自由--永恒的主题。
[04:52.72]I feel like the main character, Jia Baoyu, he's a rebel.我觉得就像那位主角贾宝玉，他是一位反叛者。
[04:56.46]- He's the hero. 他是英雄。
[04:57.26]- He is not hero. 他不是英雄。
[04:58.80]- Kind of hero. 某种意义上算是。
[04:59.33]- Well, yeah. 对。
[05:00.41]But he's the rebel, and I think that's more important than being a hero.但他是位反叛者，而我认为这比当一位英雄更加重要。
[05:06.85]The book tells the tale of a family over four generations, 这本书讲述了一个四代人家族的故事，
[05:09.92]until, as grandad Cao Yin had feared, the tree falls and the monkeys are scattered.终于正如爷爷曹寅所担心的：树倒猢狲散。
[05:17.55]Best part of this novel is actually the humanity, caring and universal volume inside of this book.这部小说中最好的部分其实是人性与关怀，而充斥整部小说当中。
[05:25.70]The people inside of this book, they are not afraid to express themselves.融入这部书的人物当中，他们敢于表达自己。
[05:29.27]They are brave enough to stand up for love.他们敢于为爱坚持不懈。
[05:33.80]They are having this hope and Cao Xueqin has this hope - 他们有这个希望，而曹雪芹也有这个希望--
[05:35.85]for women, for the servant, for everyone who has a dream, who has the chance to love.无论女人、仆人，任何人只要有个梦想，就会有机会去爱。
[05:43.69]He doesn't discriminate them.他并不歧视他们。
[05:45.80]He doesn't think the royalty is better than the servant.他不认为皇族就比仆人强。
[05:49.75]He thinks everybody is the same, everybody has the right to love, and everybody deserves respect.他认为每个人都是一样的，都有爱的权力，而每个人都值得尊重。
[06:00.10]Cao Xeuqin, the bondsman's grandson, died in 1763, his heart broken by the death of his only son.曹雪芹，这个包衣之孙，于1763年逝世，他因为唯一儿子死去而伤心欲绝。
[06:10.45]His novel was finally printed in 1791, censored, it was rumoured, but brilliantly capturing the glory 他的小说最终刊印于1791年，传言它通过了审查，但最终展现出辉煌的风采。
[06:17.39]that was Qing China and the knife edge on which that glory balanced.这就是在辉煌和陌路之间的清朝中国。
[06:24.21]When he wrote, in the mid 1700s, China was still the greatest civilisation in the world, and, in time, no doubt, would've found its own form of modernity.他写作是在18世纪中叶，中国仍是世界上最伟大的文明国度，假以时日，毫无疑问会以自己的方式进入现代化。

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BBC中国故事 第五集 明朝 Part11 雍正登基清洗曹寅，曹雪芹据此创作《红楼梦》

BBC中国故事第五集明朝 Part11 雍正登基清洗曹寅，曹雪芹据此创作《红楼梦》