BBC中国故事第六集革命时代 Part9 末代皇帝溥仪退位，鲁迅与五四运动

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[00:02.66]The next year, 1908, a two-year-old boy came to the dragon throne.次年，即1908年，一个两岁的男孩坐上了龙椅。
[00:08.34]And he was the last emperor.他就是末代皇帝。
[00:15.63]Caught between its Confucian past and a western future, the empire was doomed.陷入儒家传统和西化趋势的夹缝之中，帝国的命运已经注定。
[00:22.45]MAN SHOUTS ORDERS On October 10th 1911, a coalition of the army, bankers and the urban bourgeoisie declared China a republic.在1911年10月10日，由军队、银行家和城市资产阶级组成的联盟宣告了中华民国的成立。
[00:39.30]In early 1912, the boy emperor was forced to abdicate.1912年初，小皇帝被迫退位。
[00:43.50]MAN SHOUTS ORDERS It was 2,000 years since the first emperor, 3,000 since the Zhou proclaimed the Mandate of Heaven 自首位皇帝即位以来已有两千年了，距周朝所称的天命所归也已有三千年了。
[00:58.70]and now that vast universe of ritual and symbol was gone.而如今这个礼制和象征的浩广袤体制已然消逝。
[01:15.94]But what would the Chinese people put in its place?但它在中国人心中的地位会是怎样呢？
[01:24.90]China's first elected president was the Hawaiian educated Sun Yat-sen, who had led the republican movement in exile and long dreamed of a free, democratic China.中国的首位民选总统是在夏威夷受过教育的孙中山，流亡期间他领导着共和运动，他一直梦想建立一个自由民主的中国。
[02:04.21]But from the start, Sun had to deal with the old powers - the army, the warlords and the foreigners.但从一开始，孙中山就得想办法对付旧势力--包括军队、军阀和洋人。
[02:11.00]And in its brief life, the republic never knew peace.共和短暂的时期里充满了动荡。
[02:20.18]In the First World War, China joined the Allies and provided nearly 150,000 labourers on the Western Front.一战时期，中国加入了协约国一方向西线提够了近15万名劳工。
[02:35.55]But at the end of the war, they were in for a shock.....可战争结束后，中国人却大吃一惊......
[02:40.30]When the Treaty of Versailles was signed, China's youth were shocked to find that 签订《凡尔赛合约》时，中国青年们吃惊地发现
[02:44.56]the territory that had originally been given to Germany as a colony in the late-19th century up in Shandong Province wasn't going to be handed back to China.19世纪后期被划归德国的一块位于山东的殖民地并未打算归还中国。
[02:53.27]Instead, it would become part of a Japanese territory and this was regarded as outrageous.相反，它被划为日本的势力范围，这让人完全无法接受。
[03:03.87]On May 4th 1919, using their newfound rights to freedom of speech, a huge student demonstration was organised in the capital.1919年5月4日，学生们利用新获得的言论自由权利在北京组织了一场声势浩大的游行。
[03:12.94]Student protest that hot Sunday here in Beijing has come to be seen as a powerful symbol of the Chinese people's struggle for liberation in the 20th century.那个炎热的周日，他们在北京这里进行抗议，这成为20世纪中国人民奋斗求解放的有力象征。
[03:26.56]There were 3,000 students and they gathered right here in front of the gates of Peking University, the old library, the red building as they called it.三千名学生聚集于北京大学的校门之前，他们称这座老图书馆为“红楼”。
[03:36.10]They had banners made out of bamboo and cloth and they wanted the world to know.他们用竹竿和布做了横幅，他们想让全世界知道。
[03:41.38]They'd even prepared English language statements, which they hoped to hand in to the embassies of the colonial occupying powers.他们甚至还准备好了英文声明，希望将声明交给殖民地占有国的大使馆。
[03:50.28]The Chinese people's struggle was about to open to the world.中国人民的反抗即将面向世界。
[04:02.35]The May 4th demonstration here in Tiananmen Square was a key moment for modern China.5月4日在天安门广场的游行是现代中国一个重要的时刻。
[04:11.65]In a culture that gave such respect to the old, the young had spoken.在如此崇尚传统的文化当中，年轻人发出了呐喊。
[04:18.78]And their ideas spread like wildfire.他们的思想如野火一般蔓延开来。
[04:27.83]Writers and journalists now called for a wholesale renewal of Chinese society and politics.作家和新闻记者们这时提倡对中国社会和政治进行大规模改革。
[04:36.10]They wanted to sweep away the old and create a new culture based on Western democracy and science.他们想扫除旧观念，并在西方民主和科学的基础上创造一种新文化。
[04:42.97]A key voice was modern China's greatest writer - Lu Xun.一个重要的发言人就是中国当代伟大的作家--鲁迅。
[04:48.20]Lu Xun was born in 1881. 鲁迅生于1881年。
[04:49.94]So by the time of May 4th Movement came about he was pushing 40, long past the idealism of youth.五四运动爆发时，他年近四十，早已过了年青人理想主义的年纪。
[05:00.38]He trained as a doctor. 他受训成为一名医生。
[05:02.10]And although he became a writer, through his whole life he kept that bedside manner of a world-weary, ironical but humane physician.尽管他最后成为了一名作家，他一生保持着一种医生对待病患的态度：厌世、讽刺但具有人道精神。
[05:12.86]But a pessimist - not one to let hope run away with him with all the defeats of the time.但悲观者--不是指那种在当时连连的战败之下放弃希望的人。
[05:19.14]And in 1920s China, after the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles, that was the voice.在20世纪20年代的中国，在签署了耻辱的《凡尔赛和约》后，这就是人们的心声。
[05:48.17]"The republic has failed us," he wrote.他写道：“国家令我们失望。”
[05:50.46]"We've been cheated."“我们被欺骗了。”
[05:51.98]"We were slaves before and now we're ruled by slaves."我们从前是奴隶，现在被奴隶统治。”
[05:55.11]"We must renew the spirit of China."“我们必须复兴中华精神。”
[06:30.44]"Hope is like a path in the countryside," he wrote.他写道：“希望就像是乡间小路，”
[06:33.60]"At first there is no path, "but if enough people walk in the same direction, the path appears."“起初那里并没有路，但朝同一个方向走的人多了，也就有了路。”
[06:47.34]" But which path would China take?"“但中国要走哪条路呢？”
[06:52.33]The May 4th Movement had electrified the political and cultural debate in China, a flood of ideas from which there would be no going back.五四运动激发了国内政治和文化方面的争论从中涌现出的大量思想是无法逆转的。
[07:01.29]And among those ideas was a Western political philosophy, a communist philosophy - Marxism.这些思想中有一种西方政治哲学，一种共产主义哲学--马克思主义。

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BBC中国故事 第六集 革命时代 Part9 末代皇帝溥仪退位，鲁迅与五四运动

BBC中国故事第六集革命时代 Part9 末代皇帝溥仪退位，鲁迅与五四运动