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宏观经济学词汇总结 英语分类词汇学习

Scarcity:稀缺性

Choice:选择

opportunity costs:机会成本

Production possibilities curve:生产可能性曲线

Production possibilities frontier:生产可能性边界(与生产可能性曲线相同)

Comparative advantage:相对比较优势

absolute advantage:绝对比较优势

specialization:分工

exchange:交换

Demand:需求

Supply:供给

market equilibrium:市场均衡

business cycle:经济周期

unemployment:失业

inflation:通货膨胀

growth:增长

National income accounts:国民收入账户

Circular flow:经济循环

Gross domestic product:国内生产总值(GDP)

Real gross domestic product:实际GDP

Nominal gross domestic product:名义GDP

Price indices 价格指数

Nominal:名义的

real:实际的

Natural rate of unemployment:自然失业率

Aggregate demand:总需求

Multiplier:乘数效应

crowding-out effects:挤出效应

Aggregate supply:总供给

Short-run:短期

long-run:长期

Sticky:黏性

Flexible:自由伸缩性

Stagflation:滞胀

Actual output:实际产出

full-employment:充分就业产出

Economic fluctuations:经济波动

Money:货币

stock:股票

bond:债券

Bank:银行

financial markets:金融市场

Time value of money:货币的时间价值

money supply:货币供给

Money demand:货币需求

creation of money:货币的创造

Money market:货币市场

Loanable funds market 可贷资金市场

Policy:政策工具

Quantity theory of money:货币数量论

Real interest rate:实际利率

nominal rate:名义利率

Fiscal policy:财政政策

Monetary policy:货币政策

Government deficits:财政赤字

Government debt:政府债务

Demand-pull inflation:需求拉动型通货膨胀

Cost-push inflation:成本推动型通货膨胀

The Phillips curve:菲利普斯曲线

Expectations:期望(预期)

human capital:人力资本投资

Investment in human capital:人力资本投资

Investment in physical capital:物质资本投资

Research and development:研发

technological progress:技术进步

Balance of payments accounts:收支账户平衡

Balance of trade:贸易平衡

Current account:经常账户

Capital account:资本账户

Foreign exchange market:外汇市场

Exchange rate:汇率

Currency appreciation:货币升值

Currency depreciation:货币贬值

Net export:净出口

capital flows:资本流动

Actual expenditures:实际支出

Planned expenditure:计划支出

Excess reserves:超额准备金

Fixed exchange rates:固定汇率

Floating exchange rates:浮动汇率

Factor prices:要素价格

Factors of production:生产要素

Federal reserve:美国联邦储备委员会

Fiat money:法定货币

Fisher equation:费雪方程式

Fisher effect:费雪效应

Structural unemployment:结构性失业

Seasonally unemployment:季节性失业

Profit:利润

Accounting profit:会计利润

Economic profit:经济利润

Hyperinflation:恶性通货膨胀

Depreciation:折旧

Depreciation rate:折旧率

Automatic stabilizers:自动稳定器

Propensity to consume:消费倾向

Average propensity to consume:平均消费倾向

Marginal propensity to consume:边际消费倾向

Budget:预算

Budget constraints:预算制约

Budget surpluses:预算盈余

Budget deficits:预算赤字

Balance sheet:资产负债表

Base-year prices:基年价格

100-percent-reserve:百分之百准备金

Closed economies:封闭经济

Open economies:开放经济

GDP deflator:GDP平减指数

CPI:消费者价格指数

Shock:冲击

Discounting:折现

Discounting rate:折现率

Present value:现值

Discouraged workers:丧失信心的工人

Disposable income:可支配收入

Disposable personal income:个人可支配收入

Economic fluctuation:经济波动

Keynesian cross:凯恩斯交叉图

Expenditures:支出

Cyclically unemployment:周期性失业

Frictional unemployment:摩擦性失业

Full-employment:充分就业

Inflation tax:通货膨胀税

Inventories:存货

Inventory investment:存货投资

Labor:劳动

Labor productivity:劳动生产率

Marginal product:边际产量

Market clearing:市场出清

Shoe-leather cost:鞋底成本

Menu cost:菜单成本

Monetary base:基础货币

Contractionary:紧缩性

Net capital outflow:资本净流出

Net foreign investment:国外净投资

Production function:生产函数

Purchases:购买

Recession:衰退

Reserve requirement:法定准备率

Stabilization:稳定

Stabilization policy:稳定政策

Stocks:股票;存量

Surplus:盈余

Shortage:短缺

Underground economy:地下经济

Great Depression:大萧条

Value added:增加值

Velocity of money:货币流通速度

Wage rigidity:工资刚性