Photograph by Darren Braun
David Meyer, a professor of cognition and perception at the University of Michigan, says the brain has multiple processing "channels" (visual, linguistic, tactile, etc.), but some channels can do only one thing at a time.
Here are some suggestions on maximizing productivity without overloading your circuits.
1. Double up on tasks that use different channels. For instance, writing two reports simultaneously probably won't work. But writing a report won't interfere with, say, brainstorming designs for a new company logo.
2. Think carefully about the requirements of each task -- the actual processing needs may not be what you'd expect. Driving a car seems primarily visual, but it also uses the language channel when you read signs, plan routes in your head, and scream expletives. A phone conversation draws on the visual channel as your mind automatically pictures what the caller is telling you. Combining them results in unsafe driving and lousy conversation.
3. Juggle selectively. Minimize unnecessary distractions by switching off your phone ringer, shutting down your email, and closing your door (if applicable -- sorry, cube farmers!). When you know that interruptions will be frequent, focus on routine tasks.
4. Interrupt tasks at natural breaking points whenever possible. Finish writing a sentence before answering the phone. Stop at the end of a chapter, section, or paragraph to minimize the "mental re-warm-up" period.
5. Set aside time when you will not do anything at all. Multitasking can release stress hormones that hamper job performance and may eventually lead to depression, anxiety, and amnesia. Take breaks, eat well, exercise, and be sure to get enough sleep.