Three cladistic methods, Nelsen strict consensus of Hennig86 program, strict consensus and majority rule consensus of Phylip program, were used for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Chalcididae.

本文利用Hennig86程序的nelsen合意、Phylip程序的严格合意和多数规则合意三种支序分析方法,探讨了中国小蜂科的系统发育关系。

In morphology, cladistic and numerical taxonomy are used respectivelyto analyze six species of Montifringilla and to construct the phylogenetic trees,and to discuss the relationship and taxonomic status of Montifringilla spp.

在形态学研究，以雪雀属种类的形态学特征为基础，分别以支序分类学与数值分类学的方法对其进行分析，构建它们的系统发育树，探讨在形态学特征上的亲缘关系及分类地位。